Chandeliers made their first appearance in the 14th century and were solely made of wood. The name itself is derived from the French word chandelle referring to a light fixture with branch supports hanging from a ceiling. Early chandeliers were formed from two beams in the shape of a cross with spikes embedded to hold each candle. This light source was commonly found in monasteries and wealthy castles. Candles were quite expensive and often rationed until the black of night. Only the rich could afford such a luxury. To maximize the effect of lighting, chandeliers were often placed near mirrors to increase the reflection. Shiny furnishings from this era have been discovered that were also utilized for this purpose.